@article {90a50231115a45bb8c416bf0c30a749d,
	title = {A new role of hindbrain boundaries as pools of neural stem/progenitor cells regulated by Sox2},
	journal = {BMC Biology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {1},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Peretz et al.},
	publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd.},
	abstract = {Background: Compartment boundaries are an essential developmental mechanism throughout evolution, designated to act as organizing centers and to regulate and localize differently fated cells. The hindbrain serves as a fascinating example for this phenomenon as its early development is devoted to the formation of repetitive rhombomeres and their well-defined boundaries in all vertebrates. Yet, the actual role of hindbrain boundaries remains unresolved, especially in amniotes. Results: Here, we report that hindbrain boundaries in the chick embryo consist of a subset of cells expressing the key neural stem cell (NSC) gene Sox2. These cells co-express other neural progenitor markers such as Transitin (the avian Nestin), GFAP, Pax6 and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The majority of the Sox2+ cells that reside within the boundary core are slow-dividing, whereas nearer to and within rhombomeres Sox2+ cells are largely proliferating. In vivo analyses and cell tracing experiments revealed the contribution of boundary Sox2+ cells to neurons in a ventricular-to-mantle manner within the boundaries, as well as their lateral contribution to proliferating Sox2+ cells in rhombomeres. The generation of boundary-derived neurospheres from hindbrain cultures confirmed the typical NSC behavior of boundary cells as a multipotent and self-renewing Sox2+ cell population. Inhibition of Sox2 in boundaries led to enhanced and aberrant neural differentiation together with inhibition in cell-proliferation, whereas Sox2 mis-expression attenuated neurogenesis, confirming its significant function in hindbrain neuronal organization. Conclusions: Data obtained in this study deciphers a novel role of hindbrain boundaries as repetitive pools of neural stem/progenitor cells, which provide proliferating progenitors and differentiating neurons in a Sox2-dependent regulation.},
	keywords = {Hindbrain boundaries, Neural differentiation, Neural stem/progenitors, rhombomere, Sox2},
	issn = {1741-7007},
	doi = {10.1186/s12915-016-0277-y},
	author = {Yuval Peretz and Noa Eren and Ayelet Kohl and Gideon Hen and Karina Yaniv and Karen Weisinger and Yuval Cinnamon and Dalit Sela-Donenfeld}
}
